safemode.space
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EX-0014
ST0004Execution

Spoofing

Description

The adversary forges inputs that subsystems treat as trustworthy truth, time tags, sensor measurements, bus messages, or navigation signals, so onboard logic acts on fabricated reality. Because many control loops and autonomy rules assume data authenticity once it passes basic sanity checks, carefully shaped spoofs can trigger mode transitions, safing, actuator commands, or payload behaviors without touching flight code. Spoofing may occur over RF (e.g., GNSS, crosslinks, TT&C beacons), over internal networks/buses (message injection with valid identifiers), or at sensor/actuator interfaces (electrical/optical stimulation that produces plausible readings). Effects range from subtle bias (drifting estimates, skewed calibrations) to acute events (unexpected slews, power reconfiguration, recorder re-indexing), and can also pollute downlinked telemetry or science products so ground controllers interpret a false narrative. The hallmark is that the spacecraft chooses the adversary’s action path because the forged data passes through normal processing chains.

Mappings

EU regulation articles

  • craAnnex I, Part I, (2)(d)
    addresses
    high
    derived

    Authentication obligations bind inputs to verifiable identities; spoofed inputs lacking valid authentication tokens are rejected by subsystems applying these procedures.

  • craAnnex I, Part I, (2)(f)
    addresses
    high
    derived

    Integrity protection on inputs (sensor measurements, time tags, bus messages) resists fabricated content being treated as authoritative truth.

  • eu-space-actArt. 85(1)
    addresses
    high
    direct

    Spoofing attacks input authenticity; 85(1)'s cryptographic concept defines the authentication mechanisms (TT&C MACs, crosslink auth, sensor source verification) that defeat spoofed inputs.

  • eu-space-actArt. 85(2)
    addresses
    moderate
    direct

    Spoofing parent (primary: Art. 85(1)/(3)) cascades to 85(2) — key lifecycle includes counter discipline against spoofed-input acceptance.

  • eu-space-actArt. 85(3)
    addresses
    high
    direct

    85(3)(a)'s end-to-end authentication between satellite control centres and space segment is the cryptographic posture that defeats RF-layer spoofing.

  • nis2Art. 21(2)(b)
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Spoofed-input artefacts (estimator drift, unscheduled mode transitions, off-axis actuator commands) are detectable through cross-source-fusion and behavioural-anomaly monitoring the entity's incident-handling capability under Art. 21(2)(b) must operate.

  • nis2Art. 21(2)(h)
    relates to
    moderate
    direct

    Art. 21(2)(h) is an organisational cryptography-policy obligation and does not reach the external GNSS/PNT signal spoofing that dominates this technique, which is interdicted at the signal layer (GNSS signal authentication such as Galileo OSNMA/PRS), not by the operator's crypto policy. It relates to the entity's cryptographic posture but neither mitigates nor governs signal spoofing.

  • nis2-implAnnex 11.6.1
    addresses
    high
    derived

    Secure-authentication procedures bind inputs to verifiable identities; spoofed inputs that lack the required authentication tags or counters are rejected by subsystems applying these procedures.

  • nis2-implAnnex 3.2.1
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Monitoring-and-logging procedures must surface inputs that violate authenticator expectations, time/sequence consistency or sensor-fusion bounds — the observable signatures of spoofing.

ENISA controls

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.23-i12
    addresses
    moderate

    On-board message encryption is relevant to spacecraft-bus message protection, but the confidentiality excerpt does not provide the authenticity checks needed to actively counter spoofed bus inputs.

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.24-i07
    addresses
    high

    Real-time physics-model verification of data inputs to bus and payload is the named defense against forged readings producing implausible state.

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.26-i06
    addresses
    high

    Authentication of users, devices, and assets — including bus-level authentication — ensures forged inputs cannot pass through normal processing chains.

Cross-reference controls

  • csf-2-0PR.AA-03Users, services, and hardware are authenticated
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0014 against IA-3 Device Identification and Authentication, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.AA-03. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0014 to countermeasure CM0031 Authentication, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.AA-03. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • d3fendD3-APCAApplication Protocol Command Analysis
    addresses
    moderate

    Derived by composition, not from a source that names this pair. D3FEND publishes that Application Protocol Command Analysis counters T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation; SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0014 as addressing that same adversary behaviour in the space domain. Analysing application-protocol remote commands is directly the telecommand-validation problem: on-board command handlers and the ground command chain both inspect opcode, argument, and sequencing structure before acting. Recorded at moderate confidence because the supporting chain is two documented edges rather than one source attesting the pair directly.

  • d3fendD3-PMADProtocol Metadata Anomaly Detection
    addresses
    moderate

    Derived by composition, not from a source that names this pair. D3FEND publishes that Protocol Metadata Anomaly Detection counters T1565.002 Transmitted Data Manipulation; SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0014 as addressing that same adversary behaviour in the space domain. Protocol metadata anomaly detection applies to the telecommand and telemetry link and to internal bus framing, both of which carry structured, baselineable metadata. Recorded at moderate confidence because the supporting chain is two documented edges rather than one source attesting the pair directly.

  • mitre-attack-enterpriseT1565.002Transmitted Data Manipulation
    addresses
    moderate

    T1565.002 'Transmitted Data Manipulation' addresses adversary alteration of data in transit to influence outcomes; SPARTA EX-0014 'Spoofing' is the parent-level equivalent for spoofing signals/data sent to the spacecraft. Cross-tactic moderate (impact vs execution).

  • mitre-attack-icsT1692Unauthorized Message
    relates to
    moderate

    T1692 'Unauthorized Message' addresses adversary sending unauthorised messages to deceive control systems — SPARTA EX-0014 'Spoofing' parent covers spoofing signals/data sent to the spacecraft, which create unauthorised message-class entities. Cross-tactic moderate (evasion/impair vs execution).

  • nasa-bpgMI-INTG-01Communications Survivability Function
    addresses
    moderate

    The practice names spoofing, but its subject is the communications link, whereas the parent spoofing technique spans forged sensor measurements, internal bus messages, and navigation signals as well. The dominant scope sits outside the practice, so this is addresses rather than mitigates.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-14Permitted Actions Without Identification or Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17Remote Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17(10)Authenticate Remote Commands
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17(2)Protection of Confidentiality and Integrity Using Encryption
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18Wireless Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18(1)Authentication and Encryption
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18(5)Antennas and Transmission Power Levels
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-4Information Flow Enforcement
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-4(23)Modify Non-releasable Information
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-4(24)Internal Normalized Format
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-4(26)Audit Filtering Actions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-4(31)Failed Content Transfer Prevention
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-4(32)Process Requirements for Information Transfer
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-14Session Audit
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-2Event Logging
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-3Content of Audit Records
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-3(1)Additional Audit Information
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-4Audit Log Storage Capacity
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-4(1)Transfer to Alternate Storage
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-5Response to Audit Logging Process Failures
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-5(2)Real-time Alerts
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-5(5)Alternate Audit Logging Capability
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-6(1)Automated Process Integration
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-6(4)Central Review and Analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-8Time Stamps
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-9Protection of Audit Information
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-9(2)Store on Separate Physical Systems or Components
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AU-9(3)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CA-3Information Exchange
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CA-7(6)Automation Support for Monitoring
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CM-11(3)Automated Enforcement and Monitoring
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-10System Recovery and Reconstitution
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-10(4)Restore Within Time Period
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-12Safe Mode
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2Contingency Plan
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(5)Continue Mission and Business Functions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-4(5)Self-challenge
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-8Telecommunications Services
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-2Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users)
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-3Device Identification and Authentication
    mitigates
    moderate

    IA-3 mitigates EX-0014 by authenticating sources of bus messages, sensor inputs, and time signals before action.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-3(1)Cryptographic Bidirectional Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-4Identifier Management
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-4(9)Attribute Maintenance and Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-7Cryptographic Module Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-9Service Identification and Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-3Incident Response Testing
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-3(1)Automated Testing
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-3(2)Coordination with Related Plans
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-4Incident Handling
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-4(11)Integrated Incident Response Team
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-4(12)Malicious Code and Forensic Analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-4(14)Security Operations Center
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-4(3)Continuity of Operations
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-4(5)Automatic Disabling of System
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-5Incident Monitoring
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IR-5(1)Automated Tracking, Data Collection, and Analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-10Emergency Shutoff
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-11Emergency Power
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-11(1)Alternate Power Supply — Minimal Operational Capability
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-14Environmental Controls
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-20Asset Monitoring and Tracking
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PL-8Security and Privacy Architectures
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PL-8(1)Defense in Depth
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-10Threat Hunting
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-3(4)Predictive Cyber Analytics
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-3System Development Life Cycle
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-4(5)System, Component, and Service Configurations
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8Security and Privacy Engineering Principles
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(10)Hierarchical Trust
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(12)Hierarchical Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(13)Minimized Security Elements
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(15)Predicate Permission
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(18)Trusted Communications Channels
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(19)Continuous Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(21)Self-analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(22)Accountability and Traceability
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(23)Secure Defaults
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(24)Secure Failure and Recovery
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(26)Performance Security
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(3)Modularity and Layering
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(30)Procedural Rigor
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(4)Partially Ordered Dependencies
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(9)Trusted Components
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-9External System Services
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-9(6)Organization-controlled Cryptographic Keys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-13Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16Transmission of Security and Privacy Attributes
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(1)Integrity Verification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(2)Anti-spoofing Mechanisms
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(3)Cryptographic Binding
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-23Session Authenticity
    addresses
    high

    EX-0014 (parent Spoofing) is multi-modal data spoofing across bus, time, sensor, PNT, and ballistic paths (its sub-techniques EX-0014.01 through EX-0014.05). SC-23 session authenticity interdicts only the bus and session path; the sensor mode (data consumed below any session layer) and the GNSS mode (RF front-end signal spoofing) never pass through an authenticated session, so session authenticity covers a non-dominant slice of the parent's dominant scope. A parent cannot have tighter session-authenticity coverage than its most-session-oriented child EX-0014.02, which was itself downgraded, so the relationship is addresses.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-24Fail in Known State
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-32(1)Separate Physical Domains for Privileged Functions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40Wireless Link Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, csf-2-0, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(1)Electromagnetic Interference
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(3)Imitative or Manipulative Communications Deception
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(4)Signal Parameter Identification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-45System Time Synchronization
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-45(1)Synchronization with Authoritative Time Source
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-45(2)Secondary Authoritative Time Source
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-5Denial-of-service Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-5(3)Detection and Monitoring
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(10)Prevent Exfiltration
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(11)Restrict Incoming Communications Traffic
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(9)Restrict Threatening Outgoing Communications Traffic
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(1)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(3)Cryptographic Protection for Message Externals
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(4)Conceal or Randomize Communications
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-10Information Input Validation
    mitigates
    moderate

    SI-10 mitigates EX-0014 by validating inputs against expected ranges and patterns.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-10(6)Injection Prevention
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-11Error Handling
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-13Predictable Failure Prevention
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-13(4)Standby Component Installation and Notification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-14(3)Non-persistent Connectivity
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-16Memory Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-17Fail-safe Procedures
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-19(4)Removal, Masking, Encryption, Hashing, or Replacement of Direct Identifiers
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-3Malicious Code Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-3(10)Malicious Code Analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-3(8)Detect Unauthorized Commands
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4System Monitoring
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(1)System-wide Intrusion Detection System
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(10)Visibility of Encrypted Communications
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(11)Analyze Communications Traffic Anomalies
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(13)Analyze Traffic and Event Patterns
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(16)Correlate Monitoring Information
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(17)Integrated Situational Awareness
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(2)Automated Tools and Mechanisms for Real-time Analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(23)Host-based Devices
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(24)Indicators of Compromise
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(25)Optimize Network Traffic Analysis
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(4)Inbound and Outbound Communications Traffic
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(5)System-generated Alerts
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(7)Automated Response to Suspicious Events
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-6Security and Privacy Function Verification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-7(17)Runtime Application Self-protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-7(5)Automated Response to Integrity Violations
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-7(6)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-7(8)Auditing Capability for Significant Events
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • space-shieldT2024Transmitted Data Manipulation
    addresses
    high

    T2024 'Transmitted Data Manipulation' is the direct cross-framework counterpart of EX-0014 Spoofing parent — both describe modifying/retransmitting signals so the receiver acts on fabricated data (commands or telemetry leading to erroneous decisions).

SPARTA countermeasures

Cite as SafeMode Space, EX-0014 (SPARTA v3.2).

Built 2026-07-25 from 216 techniques, 334 regulation articles, 125 ENISA controls, 2,610 framework controls, and 90 countermeasures.