Art. 86(3)

86(3)(b)'s geographical-splitting-into-distinct-locations limits jamming impact when alternate ground sites can take over reception.

Kinetic destruction is mitigated only through resilience — 86(3)'s redundancies and (b)'s geographical splitting into distinct locations (extended in spirit to constellation distribution) limits the per-strike impact on mission continuity.

Direct-ascent ASAT requires constellation-level redundancy as the only operator-side mitigation — within 86(3)'s redundancies and geographical-splitting framework.

Co-orbital ASAT is mitigated by constellation redundancy; 86(3)'s redundancies-of-network-and-information-systems clause is the operator-side resilience anchor.

Wide-area non-kinetic effects (EMP) require constellation/regional redundancy — 86(3)'s redundancies and geographical-splitting clause limits per-incident impact.

High-altitude EMP affects multiple satellites within view — 86(3)'s constellation-redundancy and geographical-splitting clauses limit single-event mission loss.

Laser attacks affect single satellites at a time — constellation-level redundancy under 86(3) limits mission impact.

HPM affects single satellites; constellation redundancy under 86(3) limits mission-level impact.

86(3)'s redundancies-of-relevant-components clause (with geographical splitting under (b)) is the operator-side resilience anchor against denial scenarios.

Permanent degradation of subsystems requires constellation-level redundancy under 86(3) — the only operator-side mitigation against persistent impairment.

Destruction (kinetic or cyber-induced) is mitigated only through redundancy — 86(3)'s redundancies and geographical-splitting clause limits per-strike mission impact.