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EXF-0004
ST0008Exfiltration

Out-of-Band Communications Link

Description

Some missions field secondary links, separate frequencies and hardware, for limited, purpose-built functions (e.g., rekeying, emergency commanding, beacons, custodial crosslinks). Adversaries co-opt these channels as covert data paths: embedding content in maintenance messages, beacon fields, or low-rate housekeeping; initiating vendor/service modes that carry file fragments; or switching to contingency profiles that bypass normal routing and monitoring. Because these paths are distinct from the main TT&C and may be sparsely supervised, they provide discreet avenues to move data off the spacecraft or to external relays without altering the primary link’s traffic patterns.

Mappings

EU regulation articles

  • craAnnex I, Part I, (2)(d)
    addresses
    moderate
    direct

    Out-of-band channels need the same authentication and access-management discipline as primary TT&C; (2)(d)'s appropriate-control-mechanisms obligation covers vendor/service modes that carry file fragments.

  • craAnnex I, Part I, (2)(j)
    addresses
    high
    direct

    Secondary purpose-built links (rekeying, emergency commanding, beacons, custodial crosslinks) ARE external interfaces in the (2)(j) sense; the limit-attack-surfaces obligation requires these auxiliary surfaces to be hardened and not available as covert exfiltration paths.

  • craAnnex I, Part I, (2)(l)
    addresses
    moderate
    direct

    Sparsely-supervised auxiliary paths defeat the recording-and-monitoring obligation by design; (2)(l) extends the obligation to all internal activity including secondary links.

  • eu-space-actArt. 83(1)
    addresses
    moderate
    direct

    Sparsely-supervised auxiliary paths defeat 83(1)'s monitoring obligation by design; continuous monitoring must extend to every operating link.

  • eu-space-actArt. 84(2)
    addresses
    high
    direct

    Secondary purpose-built links (rekeying, emergency commanding, beacons, custodial crosslinks) are network-and-information-system surfaces under 84(2)'s Annex VII point 5.1 scope — security obligations apply to auxiliary paths, not just primary TT&C.

  • eu-space-actArt. 84(3)
    addresses
    high
    direct

    84(3)'s only-authorized-devices-communicate rule applies to all command/control surfaces; out-of-band channels need the same authentication discipline as primary TT&C.

  • nis2Art. 21(2)(b)
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Sparsely supervised secondary links are exactly the surface incident-handling capability must extend to — anomalous traffic on rekey/beacon/contingency channels is an incident even when primary TT&C looks normal; Art. 21(2)(b)'s obligation is to surface those signals.

  • nis2Art. 21(2)(h)
    addresses
    moderate
    inferred

    Art. 21(2)(h) encryption defends against external eavesdroppers, but here the adversary is the emitter exfiltrating over a secondary link; the operative control is link monitoring, egress control and segmentation. Addresses (domain relevance).

  • nis2-implAnnex 3.2.1
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Monitoring-and-logging procedures must cover sparsely-supervised secondary links (beacons, rekeying paths, contingency profiles); the implementing regulation does not exempt low-rate housekeeping channels from log retention and review.

  • nis2-implAnnex 6.4.1
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Out-of-band link configuration changes (vendor/service modes, contingency profiles, beacon-content edits) are change-management events; documented procedures govern the activation and modification of these secondary paths.

  • nis2-implAnnex 6.7.1
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Out-of-band communications links (rekeying channels, emergency commanding, beacons, custodial crosslinks) are part of the entity's network-and-information-systems estate; network-security obligations apply equally to secondary purpose-built channels and require the same protection as the primary TT&C.

ENISA controls

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.21-i01
    mitigates
    high

    Configuration management of secondary-link enable states, beacon configurations, and contingency profiles surfaces unauthorised activation of out-of-band paths.

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.23-i01
    addresses
    moderate

    Communications security is relevant to the secondary-link domain EXF-0004 abuses, but the prevent-unauthorized-disclosure (confidentiality) excerpt does not actively prevent covert content embedding in those channels, which needs authentication and integrity, so addresses rather than mitigates.

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.23-i05
    mitigates
    moderate

    Backdoor-command analysis identifies and restricts emergency/maintenance commands that could activate vendor or service modes used as covert paths.

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.29-i01
    addresses
    high

    Boundary monitoring of every emission — including secondary frequencies, beacon fields, and contingency profiles — surfaces covert use of out-of-band links.

Cross-reference controls

  • csf-2-0DE.CM-01Networks and network services are monitored to find potentially adverse events
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EXF-0004 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for DE.CM-01. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EXF-0004 to countermeasure CM0036 Session Termination; CM0073 Traffic Flow Analysis Defense, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include DE.CM-01. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • csf-2-0DE.CM-09Computing hardware and software, runtime environments, and their data are monitored to find potentially adverse events
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EXF-0004 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for DE.CM-09. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EXF-0004 to countermeasure CM0036 Session Termination, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include DE.CM-09. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15. DE.CM-09 is one of CSF's broader outcomes, so this edge locates the technique within CSF's structure rather than naming a specific defence.

  • csf-2-0PR.DS-01The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-at-rest are protected
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EXF-0004 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.DS-01. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EXF-0004 to countermeasure CM0002 COMSEC; CM0030 Crypto Key Management, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.DS-01. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • csf-2-0PR.DS-02The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-in-transit are protected
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EXF-0004 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.DS-02. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EXF-0004 to countermeasure CM0002 COMSEC; CM0029 TRANSEC; CM0030 Crypto Key Management, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.DS-02. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • csf-2-0PR.PS-01Configuration management practices are established and applied
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EXF-0004 against CM-7 Least Functionality, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.PS-01. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EXF-0004 to countermeasure CM0030 Crypto Key Management, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.PS-01. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15. PR.PS-01 is one of CSF's broader outcomes, so this edge locates the technique within CSF's structure rather than naming a specific defence.

  • d3fendD3-PMADProtocol Metadata Anomaly Detection
    addresses
    moderate

    Derived by composition, not from a source that names this pair. D3FEND publishes that Protocol Metadata Anomaly Detection counters T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium; SafeMode's curated mapping records EXF-0004 as addressing that same adversary behaviour in the space domain. Protocol metadata anomaly detection applies to the telecommand and telemetry link and to internal bus framing, both of which carry structured, baselineable metadata. Recorded at moderate confidence because the supporting chain is two documented edges rather than one source attesting the pair directly.

  • mitre-attack-enterpriseT1011Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium
    addresses
    high

    T1011 'Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium' is the exact-concept ATT&CK exfiltration-tactic technique for using a non-primary network medium to exfiltrate data; SPARTA EXF-0004 'Out-of-Band Communications Link' is the spacecraft instance (use secondary/maintenance/beacon channels for covert data movement). Tactic and activity align directly.

  • nasa-bpgMI-ARCH-01Mission Least Privilege Function
    addresses
    moderate

    Co-opting a secondary link as a covert data path succeeds where that link is absent from the mission's own picture of its flows. Maintaining the diagram is the governance answer.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-12Session Termination
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-12(2)Termination Message
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-14Permitted Actions Without Identification or Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17Remote Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17(1)Monitoring and Control
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17(10)Authenticate Remote Commands
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17(2)Protection of Confidentiality and Integrity Using Encryption
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18Wireless Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18(1)Authentication and Encryption
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18(5)Antennas and Transmission Power Levels
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-2(11)Usage Conditions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-3Access Enforcement
    mitigates
    moderate

    AC-3 mitigates EXF-0004 by enforcing access authorization on out-of-band-link configuration.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-3(10)Audited Override of Access Control Mechanisms
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CA-3Information Exchange
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CM-3(6)Cryptography Management
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CM-7Least Functionality
    mitigates
    moderate

    CM-7 (Least Functionality) mitigates EXF-0004 by disabling or restricting out-of-band/secondary communications channels not required in nominal operation.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-8Telecommunications Services
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-2Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users)
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-3(1)Cryptographic Bidirectional Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-4Identifier Management
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-4(9)Attribute Maintenance and Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-5Authenticator Management
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-5(7)No Embedded Unencrypted Static Authenticators
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-7Cryptographic Module Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5IA-9Service Identification and Authentication
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-4Access Control for Transmission
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PL-8Security and Privacy Architectures
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PL-8(1)Defense in Depth
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-3System Development Life Cycle
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-4(5)System, Component, and Service Configurations
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8Security and Privacy Engineering Principles
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(15)Predicate Permission
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(18)Trusted Communications Channels
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(19)Continuous Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(9)Trusted Components
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-9(6)Organization-controlled Cryptographic Keys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-10Network Disconnect
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-12Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-12(1)Availability
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-12(2)Symmetric Keys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-12(3)Asymmetric Keys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-12(6)Physical Control of Keys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-13Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16Transmission of Security and Privacy Attributes
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(1)Integrity Verification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(2)Anti-spoofing Mechanisms
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(3)Cryptographic Binding
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-28(1)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-28(3)Cryptographic Keys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-32(1)Separate Physical Domains for Privileged Functions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40Wireless Link Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, csf-2-0, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(1)Electromagnetic Interference
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(3)Imitative or Manipulative Communications Deception
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(4)Signal Parameter Identification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-5Denial-of-service Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7Boundary Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(10)Prevent Exfiltration
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(11)Restrict Incoming Communications Traffic
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(18)Fail Secure
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-7(5)Deny by Default — Allow by Exception
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(1)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(3)Cryptographic Protection for Message Externals
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(4)Conceal or Randomize Communications
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(5)Protected Distribution System
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-10Information Input Validation
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-10(3)Predictable Behavior
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-10(5)Restrict Inputs to Trusted Sources and Approved Formats
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-10(6)Injection Prevention
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-14(3)Non-persistent Connectivity
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-19(4)Removal, Masking, Encryption, Hashing, or Replacement of Direct Identifiers
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-3(8)Detect Unauthorized Commands
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4System Monitoring
    addresses
    moderate

    SI-4 mitigates EXF-0004 by detecting use of non-primary communication channels for adversary exfiltration.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(15)Wireless to Wireline Communications
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(7)Automated Response to Suspicious Events
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-7(6)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • space-shieldT2036RF modification
    addresses
    moderate

    T2036 'RF modification' covers exfiltrating data by modifying RF components to send data with different timing/location/frequencies — addresses EXF-0004's use of secondary RF links and contingency profiles for covert data exfiltration. SPACE-SHIELD has no out-of-band-channel-specific technique.

SPARTA countermeasures

Cite as SafeMode Space, EXF-0004 (SPARTA v3.2).

Built 2026-07-25 from 216 techniques, 334 regulation articles, 125 ENISA controls, 2,610 framework controls, and 90 countermeasures.