Disable/Bypass Encryption
Description
The adversary alters how confidentiality or integrity is applied so traffic or data is processed in clear or with weakened protection. Paths include toggling configuration flags that place links or storage into maintenance/test modes; forcing algorithm “fallbacks” or null ciphers; downgrading negotiated suites or keys; manipulating anti-replay/counter state so checks are skipped; substituting crypto libraries or tables during boot/update; and selecting alternate routes that carry the same content without encryption. On some designs, distinct modes handle authentication and confidentiality separately, allowing an actor who obtains authentication material to request unencrypted service or to switch to legacy profiles. The end state is that command, telemetry, or data products traverse a path the spacecraft accepts while cryptographic protection is absent, weakened, or inconsistently applied, enabling subsequent tactics such as inspection, manipulation, or exfiltration.
Mappings
EU regulation articles
Authentication and access-control obligations bound who can issue commands that toggle cryptographic state, narrowing the population that can subvert encryption.
Manufacturer confidentiality obligation requires data to be encrypted by state-of-the-art mechanisms; designs that allow runtime disabling or downgrade-to-clear of encryption violate (2)(e).
Integrity-protection obligations are equally non-negotiable; products must not allow arbitrary disabling of integrity checks via runtime configuration.
Disabling/bypassing encryption directly attacks the cryptographic concept 85(1) requires the operator to define — null-cipher fallbacks, downgrade attacks, and library substitutions are the failure modes the obligation must guard against.
85(2)'s key lifecycle policy can prevent downgrade-via-key-substitution by enforcing per-mission key versioning and counter discipline.
85(3)(b)'s ensure-encryption-of-telecommands obligation is the binary requirement EX-0006 attacks — the operator must prevent operational modes that downgrade or skip TC encryption.
EX-0006 forces command, telemetry or data onto paths where encryption is absent, weakened or inconsistently applied; NIS2 21(2)(h) policies on the use of cryptography and encryption govern this risk.
Operators authorized to alter encryption state are privileged-account holders; the privileged-account policy bounds the population, applies strong identification and requires review of crypto-disabling actions.
Monitoring-and-logging must surface encryption state changes; transitions to weaker or disabled crypto on TT&C or storage paths are observable and high-severity logging events.
Cryptographic configuration changes (encryption-on/off toggles, suite downgrades, key-rotation overrides) are change-management events that must follow documented procedures with review and authorization.
ENISA controls
Configuration management with monitoring of security configurations detects modifications that toggle test modes or downgrade negotiated suites.
Communications security with secure-protocol mandates and crypto-bypass prevention directly defeats algorithm-fallback and null-cipher manipulation.
Cryptography and key management mandates that the spacecraft cannot disable cryptography on the TT&C link (no crypto-bypass mode), the named defense against EX-0006.
Integrity checking surfaces substitution of crypto libraries or tables during boot or update — one EX-0006 path.
Cross-reference controls
The CCSDS 352.0 cryptographic profile mandates strong algorithms and defines no null-cipher or downgrade fallback, which resists the force-fallback and downgrade sub-vector; but an adversary with the privilege to toggle configuration or patch flight software can still disable protection, so it governs by design rather than interdicting.
- csf-2-0DE.CM-09Computing hardware and software, runtime environments, and their data are monitored to find potentially adverse eventsaddressesmoderate
Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0006 against SI-7 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for DE.CM-09. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0006 to countermeasure CM0032 On-board Intrusion Detection & Prevention; CM0042 Robust Fault Management, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include DE.CM-09. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15. DE.CM-09 is one of CSF's broader outcomes, so this edge locates the technique within CSF's structure rather than naming a specific defence.
- csf-2-0PR.AA-05Access permissions, entitlements, and authorizations are defined in a policy, managed, enforced, and reviewed, and incorporate the principles of least privilege and separation of dutiesaddressesmoderate
Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0006 against AC-3 Access Enforcement, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.AA-05. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0006 to countermeasure CM0043 Backdoor Commands, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.AA-05. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15. PR.AA-05 is one of CSF's broader outcomes, so this edge locates the technique within CSF's structure rather than naming a specific defence.
- csf-2-0PR.DS-01The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-at-rest are protectedaddressesmoderate
Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0006 against SI-7 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.DS-01. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0006 to countermeasure CM0002 COMSEC, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.DS-01. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.
- csf-2-0PR.DS-02The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-in-transit are protectedaddressesmoderate
Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0006 against SI-7 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.DS-02. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0006 to countermeasure CM0002 COMSEC, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.DS-02. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.
Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0006 against CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change; CM-7 Least Functionality, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.PS-01. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0006 to countermeasure CM0043 Backdoor Commands, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.PS-01. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15. PR.PS-01 is one of CSF's broader outcomes, so this edge locates the technique within CSF's structure rather than naming a specific defence.
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
T1600 'Weaken Encryption' addresses adversary actions that disable, bypass, or weaken cryptographic protections; SPARTA EX-0006 'Disable/Bypass Encryption' is the same activity in the spacecraft TT&C/payload context. Cross-tactic moderate because T1600 sits in defense-evasion while SPARTA EX-0006 is execution.
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
T0820 'Exploitation for Evasion' addresses adversary exploitation of vulnerabilities to bypass security features; SPARTA EX-0006 'Disable/Bypass Encryption' is a security-feature-bypass activity (disable or weaken cryptographic protections). Cross-tactic moderate (evasion vs execution); ICS doesn't have a dedicated encryption-weakening technique so T0820 is the closest concept-match.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
- nist-80053-rev5AC-17(2)Protection of Confidentiality and Integrity Using Encryptionrelates tomoderate
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
AC-3 mitigates EX-0006 by enforcing access authorization on cryptographic-configuration changes.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
CM-5 mitigates EX-0006 by gating crypto-config changes behind access restrictions.
CM-7 mitigates EX-0006 by removing test/maintenance modes that allow encryption to be disabled.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, csf-2-0, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8323r1, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
- nist-80053-rev5SI-19(4)Removal, Masking, Encryption, Hashing, or Replacement of Direct Identifiersrelates tomoderate
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, nist-ir-8401, nist-ir-8323r1, nist-ir-8441, nist-ir-8270, nasa-bpg, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data, aerospace-tor-2023-02161
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
SI-7 mitigates EX-0006 by detecting unauthorized changes to cryptographic configuration or key files.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Referenced in: sparta-data
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
T1562 'Impair Defenses' is the direct cross-framework counterpart of EX-0006 — both describe maliciously modifying components to hinder/disable defensive mechanisms (in EX-0006's case, encryption protections specifically).
T1562.001 'Triggering the clear mode' explicitly describes triggering clear mode 'to disable or limit the security level of the spacecraft' — directly aligned with EX-0006's force-fallback-to-null-cipher and downgrade-to-clear paths.
SPARTA countermeasures
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.
Cite as SafeMode Space, EX-0006 (SPARTA v3.2).