safemode.space
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EX-0016.01
ST0004Execution
sub-technique

Uplink Jamming

Parent: EX-0016

Description

The attacker transmits toward the spacecraft’s uplink receive antenna, within its main lobe or significant sidelobes, at the operating frequency and sufficient power spectral density to drive the uplink Eb/N₀ below the demodulator’s threshold. Uplink jamming prevents acceptance of telecommands and ranging/acquisition traffic, delaying or blocking scheduled operations. Because the receiver resides on the spacecraft, the jammer must be located within the spacecraft’s receive footprint and match its polarization and Doppler conditions well enough to couple energy into the front end.

Mappings

EU regulation articles

  • eu-space-actArt. 87(3)
    addresses
    high
    direct

    Uplink jamming is a specific case of 87(3)(f) interferences requiring response-and-recovery planning — including alternate uplink procedures and contingency commanding paths.

  • nis2Art. 21(2)(b)
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Uplink Eb/N₀ collapse during specific pass windows is a detectable incident; Art. 21(2)(b)'s incident-handling capability must triage uplink-jamming patterns and coordinate response.

  • nis2Art. 21(2)(c)
    addresses
    moderate
    direct

    Uplink outage continuity — dwell-extension, alternate apertures, deferred operations — is core business-continuity practice under Art. 21(2)(c) for missions where commandability availability targets must be maintained despite jamming.

  • nis2-implAnnex 13.2.1
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Uplink jamming targets the spacecraft receive antenna with elevated noise; protection-against-physical-and-environmental-threats covers spacecraft-side hardening (sidelobe management, link-budget margin, anti-jam waveforms).

  • nis2-implAnnex 3.2.1
    addresses
    moderate
    derived

    Monitoring procedures must capture uplink-margin reduction and acquisition failures, which are the observable signatures of uplink jamming.

ENISA controls

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.23-i03
    addresses
    high

    Jam-resistant uplink waveforms and transmission-security measures defeat power-spectral-density jamming below threshold.

  • ENISA-STL-2025-03-sD.35-i04
    addresses
    high

    Antenna nulling on the spacecraft suppresses uplink jammers within identified regions, restoring command demodulation.

Cross-reference controls

  • csf-2-0DE.AE-02Potentially adverse events are analyzed to better understand associated activities
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0016.01 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for DE.AE-02. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0016.01 to countermeasure CM0077 Space Domain Awareness; CM0078 Space-Based Radio Frequency Mapping, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include DE.AE-02. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • csf-2-0DE.AE-03Information is correlated from multiple sources
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0016.01 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for DE.AE-03. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0016.01 to countermeasure CM0077 Space Domain Awareness; CM0078 Space-Based Radio Frequency Mapping, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include DE.AE-03. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • csf-2-0DE.CM-01Networks and network services are monitored to find potentially adverse events
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0016.01 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for DE.CM-01. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0016.01 to countermeasure CM0078 Space-Based Radio Frequency Mapping, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include DE.CM-01. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • csf-2-0PR.DS-02The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-in-transit are protected
    addresses
    moderate

    Supported by two independent derivations that agree, neither of them SafeMode's invention. Through NIST 800-53: SafeMode's curated mapping records EX-0016.01 against SI-4 System Monitoring, and CSF 2.0's own crosswalk names that control as an informative reference for PR.DS-02. Through SPARTA: SPARTA's catalog maps EX-0016.01 to countermeasure CM0029 TRANSEC; CM0083 Antenna Nulling and Adaptive Filtering, and that countermeasure's own CSF references include PR.DS-02. Recorded as `addresses` rather than `mitigates` because a CSF subcategory states an outcome to be achieved while the underlying control states the mechanism that achieves it, which is the mechanism-versus-mandate ceiling in decisions entry 15.

  • mitre-attack-enterpriseT1498Network Denial of Service
    addresses
    moderate

    Uplink jamming denies the spacecraft's command-receive network path; T1498 'Network Denial of Service' covers cross-domain RF-network DoS at parent level. Cross-tactic moderate.

  • mitre-attack-icsT1695Block Communications
    addresses
    moderate

    Uplink jamming inhibits the ground-to-spacecraft command-channel communications; T1695 'Block Communications' covers this at cross-tactic moderate level.

  • nasa-bpgMI-INTG-01Communications Survivability Function
    mitigates
    high

    The practice requires the mission to be able to recover from communications jamming, and uplink jamming is that case exactly: the defining vector (RF interference denying the command path) and the whole of the technique's scope fall inside the practice's stated obligation. This is one of the few pairings in the corpus where the source text names the technique's own mechanism rather than a generalisation of it.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-17Remote Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18Wireless Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5AC-18(5)Antennas and Transmission Power Levels
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CA-3Information Exchange
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-10(6)Component Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-11Alternate Communications Protocols
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-13Alternative Security Mechanisms
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2Contingency Plan
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(1)Coordinate with Related Plans
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(2)Capacity Planning
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(3)Resume Mission and Business Functions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(5)Continue Mission and Business Functions
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(6)Alternate Processing and Storage Sites
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-2(7)Coordinate with External Service Providers
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5CP-8Telecommunications Services
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-20Asset Monitoring and Tracking
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-21Electromagnetic Pulse Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-6Monitoring Physical Access
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-6(1)Intrusion Alarms and Surveillance Equipment
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-6(2)Automated Intrusion Recognition and Responses
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PE-6(4)Monitoring Physical Access to Systems
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PL-8Security and Privacy Architectures
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PL-8(1)Defense in Depth
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PM-16Threat Awareness Program
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5PM-16(1)Automated Means for Sharing Threat Intelligence
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-10Threat Hunting
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-3Risk Assessment
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-3(2)Use of All-source Intelligence
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-3(3)Dynamic Threat Awareness
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5RA-6Technical Surveillance Countermeasures Survey
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-3System Development Life Cycle
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8Security and Privacy Engineering Principles
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SA-8(19)Continuous Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16Transmission of Security and Privacy Attributes
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-16(1)Integrity Verification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-26Decoys
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-30Concealment and Misdirection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-30(5)Concealment of System Components
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40Wireless Link Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(1)Electromagnetic Interference
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(3)Imitative or Manipulative Communications Deception
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-40(4)Signal Parameter Identification
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-5Denial-of-service Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(1)Cryptographic Protection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(3)Cryptographic Protection for Message Externals
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SC-8(4)Conceal or Randomize Communications
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4System Monitoring
    addresses
    moderate

    SI-4 mitigates EX-0016.01 by detecting uplink Eb/N₀ degradation patterns indicative of jamming.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(14)Wireless Intrusion Detection
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(17)Integrated Situational Awareness
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SI-4(24)Indicators of Compromise
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • nist-80053-rev5SR-8Notification Agreements
    relates to
    moderate

    Referenced in: sparta-data

    Mapped by SPARTA, not curated by SafeMode Space.

  • space-shieldT2049Spacecraft Jamming
    addresses
    high

    T2049 'Spacecraft Jamming' is specifically about jamming the spacecraft's free-space communication — direct match to EX-0016.01 Uplink Jamming (transmitter targets the spacecraft's uplink receive antenna).

SPARTA countermeasures

Cite as SafeMode Space, EX-0016.01 (SPARTA v3.2).

Built 2026-07-25 from 216 techniques, 334 regulation articles, 125 ENISA controls, 2,610 framework controls, and 90 countermeasures.